Baking powder = 1/3 t. baking soda plus 1/2 t. cream of tartar (equals 1 t. baking powder).
Brown sugar = 1 c. white sugar plus 2 T. molasses, stir well.
Buttermilk = 1 c. regular milk plus 1 t. vinegar or lemon juice, let set for 5 minutes.
Cake flour = 1 c. minus 1 T. regular white flour for each cup.
Unsweetened chocolate = 3 T. cocoa for each ounce.
Whole milk = 1/2 c. evaporated milk plus 1/2 c water for every cup.